![]() ![]() Recent discoveries by Harvard researchers have shown that upon application of high-pressure hydrogen can be converted into a metallic form.Īns. Hydrogen is a nonmetal but tends to form H + ion like an alkali metal. Unlike metals, most nonmetals do not give away electrons and hence, prevent the flow of electricity.Īns. Why do most nonmetals cannot conduct electricity?Īns. The four most abundant nonmetals are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. Which are the four most abundant nonmetals in nature?Īns. Selenium is used in anti-dandruff shampoo (selenium sulfide).Sulfur is used in the vulcanization of rubber, in gunpowder, and as sulfuric acid in batteries.Phosphorous and sulfur are used in firecrackers and in matchboxes (white phosphorous).Phosphorous is used in fertilizers that help in plant growth and in flares (white phosphorous).Iodine is used as an antiseptic in wounds and cuts.Bromine is used in the manufacture of flame-retardant materials and as a disinfectant.Chlorine is used as a bleaching agent to remove stains, in plastics like PVC for water pipes, and for purifying water by killing bacteria.Ozone protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.Oxygen is used for respiration and stored in an oxygen cylinder.Nitrogen is used to manufacture explosives and ammonia, which is an essential ingredient in fertilizers.Neon, argon, and krypton are used in different kinds of lights.Helium, being light, is used in balloons.Hydrogen is used in electric batteries for battery-operated vehicles and as rocket fuel.Charcoal is used as fuel in old train engines and also in water purifiers for filtration.Diamond is used for making jewelry and in glass cutting.Graphite, being a good conductor of electricity, is used in electronic devices and as for lubrication.Carbon black is used for making rubber tires.Carbon is found primarily in every object that we see (e.g., paper, plastic, and wood).Besides, the allotropic forms of carbon like graphite, diamond, charcoal, and coke have their unique applications. Nonmetals have a variety of uses in daily life. Form stable compounds with hydrogen (e.g., H 2S and Na 2HPO 4).Reacts with oxygen to give oxides (e.g., SO 2, SO 3, P 3O 5, and P 4O 6).g., phosphorous catches fire when exposed to air) Very reactive in air, especially at high temperatures (e.Form ionic or covalent compounds with metals (e.g., NaCl and KBr).For example, Cl reacts with NaOH to give NaClO, NaCl, and H 2.Form complex reactions with bases to give salts.Does not react with water (except chlorine) and acid.Highly electronegative that form compounds by accepting electrons from other atoms.Non-sonorous, i.e., do not produce sound when struckĬhemical Properties of Nonmetals.Do not reflect any light (except diamond).Lighter substances with lower density than metals.Lower melting and boiling points than metals.Show no luster – dull and non-shiny (except diamond).Brittle and not malleable or ductile (except diamond).Poor conductor of heat and electricity (except graphite).Exist in all three states of matter in the monoatomic or diatomic form (except Ozone O 3).are oxidized) when they undergo chemical reactions They normally do not accept electrons. Electropositive Character: Metals tend to have low ionization energies, and typically lose electrons (i.e.Metals are electropositive elements that generally form basic or amphoteric oxides with oxygen. Sodium and potassium have low melting points. Tungsten has the highest melting point where as silver has low boiling point. Melting and Boiling Points: Metals have high melting and boiling point.Iridium and osmium have the highest densities where as lithium has the lowest density. Density: Metals have high density and are very heavy.Bismuth, mercury and iron are also poor conductors Silver and copper are the two best conductors of heat and electricity. Conduction: Metals are good conductors because they have free electrons.Valency: Metals have 1 to 3 electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms.Hardness: All metals are hard except sodium and potassium, which are soft and can be cut with a knife.100 gm of silver can be drawn into a thin wire about 200 meters long. Ductility: Metals can be drawn into wires.Malleability: Metals have the ability to withstand hammering and can be made into thin sheets known as foils (a sugar cube chunk of gold can be pounded into a thin sheet which will cover a football field).Luster: Metals have the quality of reflecting light from its surface and can be polished e.g., gold, silver and copper.State: Metals are solids at room temperature with the exception of mercury, which is liquid at room temperature (Gallium is liquid on hot days).Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity. ![]()
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